內容
前言：關於文字的一句話 xxiii
致謝二十五
簡介：確認第一版背後的科學 xxvii
科學的徹底更新 xxvii
對上一版的日益確認 xxviii
確認從 1983 年開始的長遠觀點 xxviii
精神病學狀況惡化 xxix
Contents
Preface: A Word About Words xxiii
Acknowledgments xxv
Introduction: Confirming the Science Behind the First Edition xxvii
A Thorough Update of the Science xxvii
Growing Confirmation of the Previous Edition xxviii
Confirming the Longer View Starting in 1983 xxviii
The Situation in Psychiatry Worsens xxix
第 1 章 精神科藥物的致殘、令人著迷的作用 1
腦殘四項基本原則 2
證實大腦四項基本原則的說明性研究 4
六項額外的腦殘原則 7
藥物魔法的生物學基礎 12
心理對藥物的影響 14
威權精神病學中的醫源性無助和否認 14
藥物治療與醫源性無助和否認的關係 15
精神和情緒上的痛苦通過生物精神干預進行常規治療
沒有已知的遺傳或生物原因 16
結論 19
Chapter 1 The Brain-Disabling, Spellbinding Effects of Psychiatric Drugs 1
The Basic Four Brain-Disabling Principles 2
Illustrative Research Confirming the Basic Four Brain-Disabling Principles 4
Six Additional Brain-Disabling Principles 7
The Biological Basis of Medication Spellbinding 12
Psychological Influences on Medication Spellbinding 14
Iatrogenic Helplessness and Denial in Authoritarian Psychiatry 14
Relationship Between Medication Spellbinding and Iatrogenic Helplessness and Denial 15
Mental and Emotional Suffering Routinely Treated With Biopsychiatric Interventions
Have No Known Genetic or Biological Cause 16
Conclusion 19
第2章 神經阻滯劑引起的失活綜合徵（化學腦葉切開術） 21
非典型抗精神病藥物是較弱的 D2 阻滯劑的神話 22
非典型抗精神病藥之間的差異示例 26
氯氮平（Clozaril） 26
利培酮（Risperdal） 28
干預有效性的臨床抗精神病藥物試驗 (CATIE) 29
失活綜合症 32
停用和藥物拼寫 33
失活剖析 34
腦葉切開術樣神經阻滯作用 34
非典型抗精神病藥 37
抗精神病藥物的社會控制 37
鎮壓療養院囚犯 37
在各種環境中停用人和動物 38
大腦的獨特功能 40
Chapter 2 Deactivation Syndrome (Chemical Lobotomy) Caused by Neuroleptics 21
The Myth That Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs Are Weaker D2 Blockers 22
Examples of Differences Among Atypical Neuroleptics 26
Clozapine (Clozaril) 26
Risperidone (Risperdal) 28
Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) 29
Deactivation Syndrome 32
Deactivation and Medication Spellbinding 33
The Anatomy of Deactivation 34
Lobotomy-Like Neuroleptic Effects 34
Atypical Neuroleptics 37
Social Control With Antipsychotic Drugs 37
Suppression of Nursing Home Inmates 37
Deactivating People and Animals in Varied Settings 38
The Unique Function of the Brain 40
第3章
抗精神病藥引起的痛苦，包括激動、絕望和抑鬱 43
對治療的抵抗力 44
急性肌張力障礙反應 45
神經安定藥引起的帕金森症的絕望 46
帕金森氏症作為腦殘治療的一個方面 48
靜坐不能的痛苦 48
抗精神病藥引起的抑鬱和自殺 51
與非典型抗精神病藥物相關的風險 52
強制問題 53
Chapter 3
Neuroleptic-Induced Anguish, Including Agitation, Despair, and Depression 43
Resistance to Treatment 44
Acute Dystonic Reactions 45
Despair in Neuroleptic-Induced Parkinsonism 46
Parkinsonism as an Aspect of Brain-Disabling Therapy 48
Anguish in Akathisia 48
Neuroleptic-Induced Depression and Suicidality 51
Risks Associated With Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs 52
The Issue of Coercion 53
第 4 章
由抗精神病藥引起的嚴重和潛在不可逆的神經系統綜合徵（遲發性運動障礙和抗精神病藥惡性綜合徵）
遲發性運動障礙 (TD)
TD的臨床表現
道明利率
非典型抗精神病藥導致成人 TD
非典型抗精神病藥導致兒童 TD
TD的歷史
Chapter 4
Severe and Potentially Irreversible Neurological Syndromes (Tardive Dyskinesia and Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome) Caused by Neuroleptics 55
Tardive Dyskinesia (TD) 56
Clinical Manifestations of TD 56
TD Rates 57
Atypical Neuroleptics Cause TD in Adults 58
Atypical Neuroleptics Cause TD in Children 60
History of TD 61
通過持續的精神抑制治療掩蓋 TD 的症狀
錐體外系症狀作為未來 TD 的預測指標
老年人和其他弱勢群體
終止後復發、惡化和延遲發作
可逆性是罕見的
醫生和患者否認 TD
流行病的規模
遲發性肌張力障礙
遲發性靜坐不能
遲發性疾病的並發症
身體疲憊
心理痛苦
抗精神病藥戒斷症狀
抗精神病藥會上癮嗎？
其他不良反應
神經阻滯劑惡性綜合徵
神經阻滯劑誘發的神經系統綜合徵的生物學基礎
兒童和抗精神病藥
用抗精神病藥治療兒童抽動穢語
食品藥品監督管理局為兒童打開 TD 和 NMS 閘門
快死
結論
Masking the Symptoms of TD With Continued Neuroleptic Treatment 61
Extrapyramidal Symptoms As Predictors of Future TD 62
The Elderly and Other Vulnerable Populations 63
Relapse, Exacerbation, and Delayed Onset After Termination 65
Reversibility Is Rare 66
Physician and Patient Denial of TD 67
The Size of the Epidemic 67
Tardive Dystonia 68
Tardive Akathisia 70
Complications of Tardive Disorders 71
Physical Exhaustion 72
Psychological Suffering 72
Neuroleptic Withdrawal Symptoms 73
Are Neuroleptics Addictive? 73
Other Adverse Reactions 74
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome 75
Biological Basis of Neuroleptic-Induced Neurological Syndromes 78
Children and Neuroleptics 79
Treating Childhood Tourette’s With Neuroleptics 80
The Food and Drug Administration Opens the TD and NMS Floodgates for Children 81
Hurrying Death 82
Conclusion 84
第 5 章神經安定藥引起的神經毒性、腦損傷、持續性認知缺陷、癡呆和精神病 85
展示抗精神病藥引起的腦損傷和細胞死亡 85
PET 掃描 90
核磁共振成像 92
CT 掃描和神經心理學相關性 93
將遲發性運動障礙 (TD) 與腦損傷和癡呆症相關聯 94
腦研究數據總結 94
基於腦部掃描的遲發性癡呆率 94
臨床證據 95
TD 與認知功能障礙之間的早期相關性 95
遲發性精神障礙和遲發性癡呆 95
神經安定藥誘發的廣義認知功能障礙的意外發現 97
神經安定藥引起的兒童精神和行為惡化 98
否認 TD 患者的症狀是認知功能障礙的症狀 98
永久性腦葉切除術或停用 100
神經阻滯劑治療患者的遲發性精神病 100
精神病學避免面對遲發性精神病 101
遲發性靜坐不能和認知缺陷 103
人類和動物屍檢研究 103
抗精神病藥引起的腦損傷的動物屍檢研究 103
抗精神病藥引起的腦損傷的人體屍檢證據 104
嗜睡性腦炎的教訓 104
精神分裂症會導致癡呆嗎？ 107
精神病學否認神經阻滯劑誘發的癡呆症 110
治療急性錐體外系副作用的藥物 111
退出問題和知情同意 111
結論 112
Chapter 5 Neuroleptic-Induced Neurotoxicity, Brain Damage, Persistent Cognitive Deficits, Dementia, and Psychosis 85
Demonstrating Neuroleptic-Induced Brain Damage and Cell Death 85
PET Scans 90
MRI 92
CT Scans and Neuropsychological Correlations 93
Correlating Tardive Dyskinesias (TD) With Brain Damage and Dementia 94
Summary of Brain Study Data 94
Rates of Tardive Dementia Based on Brain Scans 94
Clinical Evidence 95
Early Correlations Between TD and Cognitive Dysfunction 95
Tardive Dysmentia and Tardive Dementia 95
A Serendipitous Finding of Neuroleptic-Induced Generalized Cognitive Dysfunction 97
Neuroleptic-Induced Mental and Behavioral Deterioration in Children 98
Denial of Symptoms in TD Patients As a Symptom of Cognitive Dysfunction 98
Permanent Lobotomy or Deactivation 100
Tardive Psychosis in Neuroleptic-Treated Patients 100
Psychiatry Avoids Facing Tardive Psychosis 101
Tardive Akathisia and Cognitive Deficits 103
Human and Animal Autopsy Studies 103
Animal Autopsy Studies of Neuroleptic-Induced Brain Damage 103
Human Autopsy Evidence for Neuroleptic-Induced Brain Damage 104
Lessons of Lethargic Encephalitis 104
Can Schizophrenia Cause Dementia? 107
Psychiatric Denial of Neuroleptic-Induced Dementia 110
Drugs to Treat Acute Extrapyramidal Side Effects 111
Withdrawal Problems and Informed Consent 111
Conclusion 112
第 6 章抗抑鬱藥標籤變更的最新進展 115
從一開始就有警告信號 116
SSRI 類 117
FDA 發現接觸抗抑鬱藥的兒童自殺率增加 118
容易表現出嚴重的不良反應；
難以發揮功效 119
最近的 FDA 錄取和警告 120
兒童和青少年自殺的最終類別標籤 121
興奮劑綜合症 122
新的 FDA 藥物指南 123
FDA 關於抗抑鬱藥誘發兒童自殺的最終決定 124
臨床試驗中沒有完成自殺 124
加拿大和英國監管警告 125
將自殺警告擴大到年輕人 126
FDA 幫助製藥公司 128
Paxil 對成年人來說是最危險的 129
現實生活中的風險比描述的要大得多 129
精神藥物複合體響應 130
美國神經精神藥理學學院 130
美國精神病學協會 132
抗抑鬱藥對兒童無效 133
所謂的替代療法 135
結論 135
第 6 章抗抑鬱藥標籤變更的最新進展 115
從一開始就有警告信號 116
SSRI 類 117
FDA 發現接觸抗抑鬱藥的兒童自殺率增加 118
容易表現出嚴重的不良反應；
難以發揮功效 119
最近的 FDA 錄取和警告 120
兒童和青少年自殺的最終類別標籤 121
興奮劑綜合症 122
新的 FDA 藥物指南 123
FDA 關於抗抑鬱藥誘發兒童自殺的最終決定 124
臨床試驗中沒有完成自殺 124
加拿大和英國監管警告 125
將自殺警告擴大到年輕人 126
FDA 幫助製藥公司 128
Paxil 對成年人來說是最危險的 129
現實生活中的風險比描述的要大得多 129
精神藥物複合體響應 130
美國神經精神藥理學學院 130
美國精神病學協會 132
抗抑鬱藥對兒童無效 133
所謂的替代療法 135
結論 135
Chapter 6 Recent Developments in Antidepressant Label Changes 115
Warning Signs From the Beginning 116
The Class of SSRIs 117
FDA Finds Increased Suicidality in Children Exposed to Antidepressants 118
Easy to Show Serious Adverse Effects;
Difficult to Show Efficacy 119
Recent FDA Admissions and Warnings 120
The Final Class Label on Suicidality in Children and Adolescents 121
The Stimulant Syndrome 122
The New FDA Medication Guide 123
The FDA’s Final Word on Antidepressant-Induced Suicidality in Children 124
No Completed Suicides in the Clinical Trials 124
Canadian and British Regulatory Warnings 125
Expanding the Suicide Warning to Young Adults 126
The FDA Helps Out the Drug Companies 128
Paxil Is the Most Dangerous for Adults 129
The Real-Life Risk Is Much Greater Than Described 129
The Psychopharmaceutical Complex Responds 130
The American College of Neuropsychopharmacology 130
The American Psychiatric Association 132
Antidepressants Lack Efficacy in Children 133
So-Called Alternative Treatments 135
Conclusion 135
第7章抗抑鬱藥引起的精神、行為和大腦異常137
焦慮抑鬱的風險 139
SSRIs 中藥物不良反應模式的相似性 140
與 SSRI 誘發的成人抑鬱和自殺相關的研究 141
SSRI 誘發的成人抑鬱和自殺的流行病學研究和臨床試驗 141
成人自殺的驗屍研究 145
NIMH 確認 SSRI 會導致自殺 145
成人躁狂、暴力和自殺的病例報告 145
SSRI 誘發的成人靜坐不能、自殺和攻擊性病例報告 148
SSRI 誘發的成人強迫性自殺和攻擊性病例報告 151
SSRI 誘發的成人冷漠綜合徵 152
識別成人和兒童的抗抑鬱藥誘發的強迫性暴力和自殺 154
SSRI 誘發的成人躁狂和攻擊行為的流行病學研究和臨床試驗 155
成人抗抑鬱藥誘導攻擊的研究 155
非雙相成人患者抗抑鬱藥誘發的躁狂症 157
成人雙相情感障礙患者的躁狂轉換（轉換）160
比較抗抑鬱藥誘發的躁狂症和自發性躁狂症 161
兩個標準來源中描述的抗抑鬱藥誘發的躁狂症 162
精神疾病診斷和統計手冊 162
成人重度抑鬱症實踐指南 164
與 SSRI 引起的兒童異常行為相關的研究 165
涉及兒童的臨床案例研究 165
涉及兒童的流行病學研究和臨床試驗 167
兒童抗抑鬱藥引起的冷漠 170
抗抑鬱藥真的有效嗎？ 172
老人 173
專業反應 174
潛在的抗抑鬱藥引起的腦損傷和功能障礙 174
永久性神經系統不良反應 174
大腦抵抗 SSRI 的影響 175
導致腦功能障礙和萎縮178
老年抗抑鬱藥 180
三環類抗抑鬱藥和腦損傷原理 182
三環類：比治愈自殺更多的原因？ 183
其他抗抑鬱藥 183
抗抑鬱藥戒斷反應，包括躁狂症 184
我的臨床和法醫經驗 186
討論：“毒品讓我這麼做”186
專家知道什麼？ 189
結論 190
Chapter 7 Antidepressant-Induced Mental, Behavioral, and Cerebral Abnormalities 137
The Risk of Agitated Depression 139
Similarity of Adverse Drug Reaction Patterns Among SSRIs 140
Studies Related to SSRI-Induced Depression and Suicidality in Adults 141
Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials of SSRI-Induced Depression and Suicidality in Adults 141
Coroner Studies of Adult Suicidality 145
NIMH Confirms That SSRIs Cause Suicidality 145
Case Reports of Mania, Violence, and Suicide in Adults 145
Case Reports of SSRI-Induced Akathisia, Suicidality, and Aggression in Adults 148
Case Reports of SSRI-Induced Obsessive Suicidality and Aggression in Adults 151
SSRI-Induced Apathy Syndrome in Adults 152
Identifying Antidepressant-Induced Compulsive Violence and Suicidality in Adults and Children 154
Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials of SSRI-Induced Mania and Aggression in Adults 155
Studies of Antidepressant-Induced Aggression in Adults 155
Antidepressant-Induced Mania in Nonbipolar Adult Patients 157
Manic Conversion (Switching) in Adult Bipolar Patients 160
Comparing Antidepressant-Induced Mania and Spontaneous Mania 161
Antidepressant-Induced Mania Described in Two Standard Sources 162
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 162
Practice Guidelines for Major Depressive Disorder in Adults 164
Studies Related to SSRI-Induced Abnormal Behavior in Children 165
Clinical Case Studies Involving Children 165
Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials Involving Children 167
Antidepressant-Induced Apathy in Children 170
Do Antidepressants Work at All? 172
The Elderly 173
Professional Reactions 174
Underlying Antidepressant-Induced Brain Damage and Dysfunction 174
Permanent Neurological Adverse Effects 174
The Brain Resists the Impact of SSRIs 175
Causing Brain Dysfunction and Shrinkage 178
Older Antidepressants 180
Tricyclic Antidepressants and the Brain-Disabling Principle 182
Tricyclics: More Cause Than Cure for Suicidality? 183
Other Antidepressants 183
Antidepressant Withdrawal Reactions, Including Mania 184
My Clinical and Forensic Experience 186
Discussion: “The Drug Made Me Do It” 186
What Do the Specialists Know? 189
Conclusion 190
第 8 章 用於雙相情感障礙的鋰和其他藥物 193
對躁狂症的鋰特異性聲明 193
對動物、嬰兒、患者和志願者的腦功能障礙 194
抑制對動物的影響 194
對正常嬰兒的抑製作用 195
對正常志願者的禁用影響 196
拒絕生命的錶盤 200
粉碎創意201
凱德支持腦殘假設 202
令人著迷和醫源性無助和否認 203
對中樞神經系統的毒性 203
認知缺陷的產生 203
急性器質性腦綜合徵 204
沉默：不可逆的鋰誘導神經毒性 204
低劑量維持治療中的神經毒性作用 205
常規鋰療法產生的異常腦電波 205
受損大腦的鋰破壞 206
腦損傷作為治療 206
對神經元和其他細胞的一般毒性 206
中毒腦細胞的“保護”和治療作用 207
鋰在急性躁狂症 210 中的相對無效性
鋰在預防躁狂發作方面的效果如何？ 210
鋰戒斷反應引起的躁狂和抑鬱 211
脫鋰的其他不良反應 212
飲用水中的鋰 212
其他所謂的情緒穩定劑 213
為什麼有這麼多“雙相”患者？ 214
結論 215
Chapter 8
Lithium and Other Drugs for Bipolar Disorder 193
Claims of Lithium Specificity for Mania 193
Brain-Disabling Effects on Animals, Infants, Patients, and Volunteers 194
Subduing Effects on Animals 194
Subduing Effects on Normal Infants 195
Disabling Effects on Normal Volunteers 196
Turning Down the Dial of Life 200
Crushing Creativity 201
Cade Supports the Brain-Disabling Hypothesis 202
Spellbinding and Iatrogenic Helplessness and Denial 203
Toxicity to the Central Nervous System 203
The Production of Cognitive Deficits 203
Acute Organic Brain Syndromes 204
SILENT: Irreversible Lithium-Induced Neurotoxicity 204
Neurotoxic Effects in Low-Dosage Maintenance Therapy 205
Abnormal Brain Waves Produced by Routine Lithium Therapy 205
Lithium Disruption of the Compromised Brain 206
Brain Damage As Treatment 206
General Toxicity to Neurons and Other Cells 206
The “Protective” and Therapeutic Effects of Poisoning Brain Cells 207
The Relative Ineffectiveness of Lithium in Acute Mania 210
How Effective Is Lithium in Preventing the Recurrence of Manic Episodes? 210
Mania and Depression As Lithium Withdrawal Reactions 211
Other Adverse Reactions to Lithium Withdrawal 212
Lithium in Your Drinking Water 212
Other So-Called Mood Stabilizers 213
Why So Many “Bipolar” Patients? 214
Conclusion 215
第9章抑鬱症的電休克療法（ECT）217
ECT毀掉的生活
ECT 研究中的突發新聞：休克治療導致不可逆轉的腦損傷和功能障礙 221
還是逃避事實222
ECT 研究中的更多突發新聞：休克治療導致自殺 223
其他突發新聞：ECT 無效 225
休克治療領域的又一戲劇性事件 226
美國食品藥品監督管理局和 ECT 227
1990年美國精神病學協會報告的政治
ECT、女性和記憶力減退 229
ECT 和老人 230
電擊造成的腦損傷 232
譫妄的產生（急性器質性腦綜合徵）232
ECT作為閉頭電擊傷233
死亡、自殺和屍檢結果 234
內存不足 234
ECT腦損傷的研究
腦部掃描 241
修改後的 ECT 242
腦殘原理 244
醫源性無助和否認，以及令人著迷的 246
圍繞 ECT 的長期爭議
需要禁止 ECT 249
結論 250
Chapter 9 Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) for Depression 217
A Life Destroyed by ECT 218
Breaking News in ECT Research: Shock Treatment Causes Irreversible Brain Damage and Dysfunction 221
Still Avoiding the Facts 222
More Breaking News in ECT Research: Shock Treatment Causes Suicide 223
Additional Breaking News: ECT Is Ineffective 225
Another Dramatic Event in the World of Shock Treatment 226
The Food and Drug Administration and ECT 227
The Politics of the 1990 American Psychiatric Association Report 228
ECT, Women, and Memory Loss 229
ECT and the Elderly 230
Brain Injury by Electroshock 232
The Production of Delirium (Acute Organic Brain Syndrome) 232
ECT As Closed-Head Electrical Injury 233
Death, Suicide, and Autopsy Findings 234
Memory Deficits 234
Studies of Brain Damage From ECT 237
Brain Scans 241
Modified ECT 242
The Brain-Disabling Principle 244
Iatrogenic Helplessness and Denial, and Spellbinding 246
A Long Controversy Surrounding ECT 246
The Need to Ban ECT 249
Conclusion 250
第 10 章
從注意力缺陷/多動障礙 (ADHD) 到雙相情感障礙：診斷美國兒童 253
ADHD/興奮劑市場 256
美國使用模式的轉變 256
全球市場 257
多動症診斷 258
診斷兒童雙相情感障礙 259
醫生如何學會診斷和治療所謂的躁鬱症兒童 259
制定兒童用藥指南 260
公眾強烈反對 262
越來越擔心不良反應 263
ADHD 診斷的後果 264
破壞性行為障礙 264
添加標準 264
羅素巴克利：合理化壓迫控制 265
一種隨心所欲的疾病266
TADD 267
多動症的批評 269
合併症和誤診270
多動症的假設物理基礎
ADHD：一種美國疾病？男孩的病 272
CHADD：製藥公司倡導者 272
母團的權力基礎 273
現場診斷275
學校心理健康篩查：最新威脅 275
道德、心理和社會危害 276
像閃亮的星星278
Chapter 10
From Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) to Bipolar Disorder: Diagnosing America’s Children 253
The ADHD/Stimulant Market 256
Shifting Patterns of Use in the United States 256
The Worldwide Market 257
The ADHD Diagnosis 258
Diagnosing Bipolar Disorder in Children 259
How Doctors Learn to Diagnose and Medicate So-Called Bipolar Children 259
Developing Guidelines for Medicating Children 260
Public Backlash 262
Growing Concerns About Adverse Effects 263
Ramifications of the ADHD Diagnosis 264
Destructive Behavior Disorders 264
ADD Criteria 264
Russell Barkley: Rationalizing Oppressive Control 265
A Disease That Goes Away With Attention 266
ADD and TADD 267
Critiques of ADHD 269
Comorbidity and Misguided Diagnoses 270
The Supposed Physical Basis for ADHD 271
ADHD: An American Disease? A Boy’s Disease 272
CHADD: A Drug Company Advocate 272
The Power Base of the Parent Groups 273
On-the-Spot Diagnosis 275
Mental Health Screening in Schools: The Latest Threat 275
Moral, Psychological, and Social Harm 276
Like Shining Stars 278
第11章興奮劑引起的腦損傷、腦功能障礙和精神不良反應283
無效的治療284
多種不良反應 286
更極端的中毒反應293
托莫西汀 (Strattera) 295
Strattera 誘發的自殺 295
食品藥品監督管理局繼續將興奮劑的風險降至最低 296
再一次，太少，太遲了 298
美國精神病學協會的勝利 299
興奮劑依賴 300
關注緝毒局 301
納丁蘭伯特研究 303
興奮劑 303 的大腦致殘、令人著迷的效果
興奮劑引起的腦損傷和功能障礙 307
哌醋甲酯引起的腦萎縮
哌醋甲酯和苯丙胺引起的嚴重腦功能障礙
興奮劑引起的腦化學和顯微病理學異常 310
關於利他林 313 的最新不祥新聞
發育神經毒性 315
興奮劑引起的生長抑制 315
結論 316
Chapter 11 Stimulant-Induced Brain Damage, Brain Dysfunction, and Psychiatric Adverse Reactions 283
An Ineffective Treatment 284
A Wide Variety of Adverse Effects 286
More Extreme Intoxication Reactions 293
Atomoxetine (Strattera) 295
Strattera-Induced Suicidality 295
The Food and Drug Administration Continues to Minimize the Risks of Stimulants 296
Once Again, Too Little, Too Late 298
A Triumph for the American Psychiatric Association 299
Stimulant Dependence 300
Concern at the Drug Enforcement Administration 301
Nadine Lambert Studies 303
The Brain-Disabling, Spellbinding Effects of Stimulants 303
Brain Damage and Dysfunction Caused by Stimulants 307
Brain Atrophy Caused by Methylphenidate 307
Gross Brain Dysfunction Caused by Methylphenidate and Amphetamine 310
Abnormalities of Brain Chemistry and Microscopic Pathology Caused by Stimulants 310
The Latest Ominous News About Ritalin 313
Developmental Neurotoxicity 315
Growth Suppression Caused by Stimulants 315
Conclusion 316
第12章抗焦慮藥，包括Xanax和Halcion引起的行為異常319
麻醉學前沿研究證實了腦功能障礙 319
毒品320
腦功能障礙作為主要臨床效應 322
產生行為異常的機制 323
苯二氮卓類藥物 (BZ) 的不良反應 324
狂熱與憤怒的產生
抑鬱症和自殺的產生326
Halcion 和 Xanax 引起的認知、情緒和行為異常 327
來自食品藥品監督管理局的自發報告系統的證據 330
美國和英國的反應不同 334
BZ 使用中的其他風險 336
BZs 作為自殺的工具 336
對睡眠和腦電圖的影響 337
精神疾病診斷和統計手冊確認 BZ 誘發的持續性健忘症和癡呆症 338
研究表明 BZ 的持續性損傷和癡呆症
其他睡眠藥物 340
依賴和退出 341
結論 344
Chapter 12 Antianxiety Drugs, Including Behavioral Abnormalities Caused by Xanax and Halcion 319
Frontier Research in Anesthesiology Confirms the Brain-Disabling Principle 319
The Drugs 320
Brain Disability As the Primary Clinical Effect 322
Mechanisms for Producing Behavioral Abnormalities 323
Adverse Reactions to Benzodiazepines (BZs) 324
The Production of Mania and Rage 325
The Production of Depression and Suicide 326
Cognitive, Emotional, and Behavioral Abnormalities Caused by Halcion and Xanax 327
Evidence From the Food and Drug Administration’s Spontaneous Reporting System 330
American and British Responses Diverge 334
Other Risks in BZ Use 336
BZs As Instruments of Suicide 336
Effects on Sleep and the Electroencephalogram 337
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Confirms BZ-Induced Persistent Amnesia and Dementia 338
Research Indicating Persistent Impairment and Dementia From BZs 339
Other Medications for Sleep 340
Dependence and Withdrawal 341
Conclusion 344
第 13 章食品和藥物管理局 (FDA) 和國家心理健康研究所 (NIMH)：藥品公司倡導者 347
獲得批准上市藥物 349
在藥物上市前展示療效 350
為藥物創建標籤
藥物批准後監測 351
製藥公司的持續責任 351
在藥物上市前測試安全性 352
評估臨床試驗數據的更微妙的困難 356
FDA 批准過程中的其他被忽視領域 359
利潤動機 361
藥物上市後監測安全性 361
MedWatch（自發報告系統）的影響 363
從 MedWatch SRS 得出科學結論
四個審批系統故障366
未能識別神經阻滯劑惡性綜合徵 366
FDA 就遲發性運動障礙向工業界屈服 367
按摩數據：百憂解批准流程 369
落後於歐洲標準：Zoloft 370
鎳氫 373
Chapter 13 The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH): Drug Company Advocates 347
Gaining Approval to Market the Drug 349
Demonstrating Efficacy Before the Drug Is Marketed 350
Creating the Label for the Drug 350
Monitoring After Drug Approval 351
Continuing Drug Company Responsibilities 351
Testing Safety Before the Drug Is Marketed 352
More Subtle Difficulties in Evaluating Clinical Trial Data 356
Other Neglected Areas in the FDA Approval Process 359
The Profit Motive 361
Monitoring Safety After the Drug Is Marketed 361
The Impact of MedWatch (the Spontaneous Reporting System) 363
Drawing Scientific Conclusions From the MedWatch SRS 364
Four Approval System Failures 366
Failure to Recognize Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome 366
The FDA Caves In to Industry on Tardive Dyskinesia 367
Massaged Data: The Prozac Approval Process 369
Falling Behind European Standards: Zoloft 370
NIMH 373
第14章製藥公司的騙局377
依靠垃圾科學379
禮來和百憂解 380
禮來公司從一開始就知道百憂解的作用就像興奮劑 380
禮來（Eli Lilly）成功騙取法律制度 382
禮來 (Eli Lilly) 向美國食品和藥物管理局 (FDA) 承認百憂解經常導致抑鬱症 383
禮來 (Eli Lilly) 隱藏了百憂解誘發的躁狂症 384 的影響
禮來（Eli Lilly）證實並隱藏百憂解過度刺激 384
隱藏兒童百憂解誘發的躁狂和攻擊行為的風險 385
禮來（Eli Lilly）和 FDA 忽略關於百憂解 385 的攻擊性行為的報告
禮來（Eli Lilly）和 FDA 忽略關於百憂解 386 的自殺行為報告
禮來（Eli Lilly）在對照臨床試驗中隱藏使用百憂解增加的自殺率 386
禮來公司員工表達恥辱 388
禮來公司最早的研究中對百憂解的不良反應 389
禮來公司最早的動物研究中百憂解誘導的攻擊性 390
英國和德國監管機構詢問百憂解引起的刺激、激動和抑鬱 391
禮來 (Eli Lilly) 隱藏靜坐不能 392
禮來（Lilly）掩蓋百憂解戒斷反應 393
Zoloft 和 Paxil 394 的類似藥物批准問題
百憂解與單胺氧化酶抑製劑和色氨酸 394 的相互作用
百憂解與三環類抗抑鬱藥 395 聯用
禮來 (Eli Lilly) 深陷爭議，可能會危及生命 395
禮來公司努力隱藏致命藥物不良反應的數據 398
葛蘭素史克 (GSK) 和 Paxil 399
Paxil 過度刺激 399
拉庫宗案 400
Paxil 和 GSK 受到醫學期刊和外國藥品監管機構的批評 402
紐約州總檢察長對葛蘭素史克和 Paxil 403 採取行動
英國採取行動405
英國精神病學與美國精神病學 406
有總比沒有好？ 407
關於拼寫的最後一句話 408
Chapter 14 Drug Company Deceptions 377
Relying on Junk Science 379
Eli Lilly and Prozac 380
Eli Lilly Knew From the Start That Prozac Acts Like a Stimulant 380
Eli Lilly Successfully Bamboozles the Legal System 382
Eli Lilly Acknowledges to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) That Prozac Frequently Causes Depression 383
Eli Lilly Hides the Implications of Prozac-Induced Mania 384
Eli Lilly Confirms and Hides Prozac Overstimulation 384
Hiding the Risk of Prozac-Induced Mania and Aggression in Children 385
Eli Lilly and the FDA Ignore Reports of Aggressive Behavior on Prozac 385
Eli Lilly and the FDA Ignore Reports of Suicidal Behavior on Prozac 386
Eli Lilly Hides Increased Suicidality on Prozac in Controlled Clinical Trials 386
Eli Lilly Employees Express Shame 388
Adverse Reactions to Prozac in Eli Lilly’s Earliest Research 389
Prozac-Induced Aggression in Eli Lilly’s Earliest Animal Studies 390
British and German Regulatory Authorities Inquire About Prozac-Induced Stimulation, Agitation, and Depression 391
Eli Lilly Hides Akathisia 392
Lilly Covers Up Prozac Withdrawal Reactions 393
Similar Drug Approval Problems With Zoloft and Paxil 394
Prozac Interaction With Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors and Tryptophan 394
Prozac in Combination With Tricyclic Antidepressants 395
Eli Lilly Mired in Controversies With Life-Threatening Implications 395
Lilly Fights to Hide Data on Deadly Adverse Drug Effects 398
GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) and Paxil 399
Paxil Overstimulation 399
The Lacuzong Case 400
Paxil and GSK Criticized by Medical Journals and Foreign Drug Regulatory Agencies 402
The Attorney General of New York State Takes Action Against GSK and Paxil 403
Britain Takes Action 405
British Psychiatry Versus American Psychiatry 406
Better Than Nothing? 407
A Final Word on Spellbinding 408
第15章如何更安全地停止服用精神類藥物411
基本原則 412
特殊問題 415
避免危及生命的風險 417
取款期間的身體風險 417
與特定藥物相關的戒斷症狀 418
退出 SSRI 418
退出三環 419
從鋰和其他情緒穩定劑中撤出 419
退出抗精神病藥 420
退出興奮劑 420
從苯二氮卓類藥物中撤出 421
戒毒期間的心理治療422
面對藥物束縛的後果 423
慶祝新生活 423
治療師的治療臨在 424
第16章失敗的承諾、最後的手段和心理治療425
真的和他們說話？ 426
廣泛的文獻 427
精神科藥物作為最後的手段 428
外科醫生、計算機專家和精神科醫生 431
真正心理治療的道德基礎 432
我的精神病學和心理治療臨床實踐 436
437 苦難的作用
無藥物治療 438
20 治療深度不安的人的指南 441
結論 457
附錄：459 類精神病藥物
參考書目 463
索引 527
Chapter 15 How to More Safely Stop Taking Psychiatric Drugs 411
Basic Principles 412
Special Problems 415
Avoiding Life-Threatening Risks 417
Physical Risks During Withdrawal 417
Withdrawal Symptoms Associated With Specific Drugs 418
Withdrawal From SSRIs 418
Withdrawal From Tricyclics 419
Withdrawal From Lithium and Other Mood Stabilizers 419
Withdrawal From Neuroleptics 420
Withdrawal From Stimulants 420
Withdrawal From Benzodiazepines 421
Psychotherapy During Drug Withdrawal 422
Facing the Aftermath of Medication Spellbinding 423
Celebrating a New Life 423
The Therapist’s Healing Presence 424
Chapter 16 Failed Promises, Last Resorts, and Psychotherapy 425
Actually Talk to Them? 426
An Extensive Literature 427
Psychiatric Drugs As a Last Resort 428
The Surgeon, the Computer Specialist, and the Psychiatrist 431
The Moral Foundation of Genuine Psychotherapy 432
My Clinical Practice of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 436
The Function of Suffering 437
Drug-Free Therapy 438
20 Guidelines for Treating Deeply Disturbed Persons 441
Conclusion 457
Appendix: Psychiatric Medications by Category 459
Bibliography 463
Index 527